Here is a random sampling of the DC output from a few Roland, 9-volt power-supplies:
12.47V
12.39V
14.54V
I realize that variance is to be expected, but a 5.5V deviation seems a bit high. At what point should the purchase of a regulated adapter be considered, in lieu of possibly needing to replace a voltage-regulator later on?
Well Cloud, I don't know if the following link would answer your question. It's a list of Roland & Boss Power Supply Compatibility Guide. Please select "Adapter Guide" on the bookmarks to find out recommended Power Supply for ya Roland musical equipment.
http://media.musicalplanet.com/pdf/ROL147.PDFI am quite surprised to find out my CM-500's original power supply isn't on the roland's compatibility list.

PC.